The unkinged Richard sits in prison. His cousin, Henry Bolingbroke has stolen his crown, and thrown him, unceremoniously in prison. He sits, quietly at first. Until he begins to hear music wafting into his cell. The music breaks time, and seems disordered. Richard remarks "How sour sweet music is when time is broke and no proportion kept." He pauses. "So is it in the music of mens lives / and I have the daintiness of ear / to check time broke in a disordered string." He begins to become more agitated. "But for the concord of my state and time / Had not an ear to hear my true time broke," he yells. Calming slightly, yet sadly he concludes. "I wasted time, and now time doth waste me / For now time hath made me his numbering clock / my thoughts are minutes and with sighs / they jar their watches unto mine eyes." He thinks about this further, and, in his insanity, begins with: "the sounds that tells what hour it is / are clamourous groans which strike upon my heart / which is the bell: So sighs and tears and groans / show minutes and times and hours but my time / runs posting on in Bolingbroke's proud joy / while I stand fooling here, his Jack o' the clock" At this point he whirls around to the window in his room and shouts "This music mads me; let it sound no more; / For though it have holp madmen to their wits, / In me it seems it will make wise men mad." This poor man has been driven mad by a ticking clock and some music. He has lost everything, and now, alone, loses his mind to the ticking of a clock. (This is one of the last scenes in Shakespeare's history Richard II.
One image that is continuously recurring in Mrs. Dalloway is clocks. Virginia Woolf continuously refers to clocks keeping time. Clanging, bong-ing and ticking. Indeed, one of the central themes of the novel is the effect of time. It controls our lives. There is a sense, in the novel, of time being controlling. It dictates and connects the actions of the characters. For example, on page 82, Woolf writes:
"It was precisely twelve o'clock; twelve by Big Ben, whose stroke was wafted across the northern part London; blent with that of other clocks, mixed in a thin ethereal way with the clouds and whisps of smoke ... twelve o'clock struck as Clarissa Dalloway laid her green dress on her bed, and the Warren Smiths walked down Harley Street."
Not only is this a beautiful description of the sound of a clock, but it ties these two characters across London together. Woolf doesn't just use similar characteristics, but uses time to unite them.
Additionally, and the reason for Shakespeare being quoted at the beginning, is the maddening effects of clocks. There is a constant repetition, that I believe is supposed to remind the reader of the monotony, the continuous rhythm and the control clocks have over our lives. People's lives are dictated by these clocks, controlled completley, and it is enough to make "a wise [man] mad."